Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Original Article

Prognostic significance of viable tumor size measurement in hepatocellular carcinomas after preoperative locoregional treatment: Yoon Jung Hwang, Youngeun Lee, Hyunjin Park, Yangkyu Lee, Kyoungbun Lee, Haeryoung Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2021;55(5):338-348. Published online September 2, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2021.07.26

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Background
Preoperative locoregional treatment (LRT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often induces intratumoral necrosis without affecting the overall tumor size, and residual viable tumor size (VTS) on imaging is an important clinical parameter for assessing post-treatment response. However, for surgical specimens, it is unclear whether the VTS would be more relevant to prognosis compared to total tumor size (TTS).
Methods
A total of 142 surgically resected solitary HCC cases were retrospectively reviewed. The TTS and VTS were assessed by applying the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors method to the resected specimens, and correlated with the clinicopathological features and survival.
Results
As applying VTS, 13/142 cases (9.2%) were down-staged to ypT1a. Although the survival analysis results for overall survival according to TTS or VTS were similar, VTS was superior to predict disease-free survival (DFS; p = .023) compared to TTS (p = .08). In addition, multivariate analysis demonstrated VTS > 2 cm to be an independent predictive factor for decreased DFS (p = .001). In the subpopulation of patients with LRT (n = 54), DFS in HCCs with TTS or VTS > 2 cm were significantly shorter than those with TTS or VTS ≤ 2 cm (p = .047 and p = .001, respectively). Interestingly, HCCs with TTS > 2 cm but down-staged to VTS ≤ 2 cm after preoperative LRT had similar survival to those with TTS ≤ 2 cm.
Conclusions
Although the prognostic impact of tumor size was similar regardless of whether TTS or VTS was applied, reporting VTS may help to increase the number of candidates for surgery in HCC patients with preoperative LRT.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Construction and validation of a novel signature based on epithelial-mesenchymal transition–related genes to predict prognosis and immunotherapy response in hepatocellular carcinoma by comprehensive analysis of the tumor microenvironment
Biao Gao, Yafei Wang, Shichun Lu
Functional & Integrative Genomics.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Cellular senescence affects energy metabolism, immune infiltration and immunotherapeutic response in hepatocellular carcinoma
Biao Gao, Yafei Wang, Shichun Lu
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Brief Case Report

Multiple hepatocyte nuclear factor 1A (HNF1A)-inactivated hepatocellular adenomas arising in a background of congenital hepatic fibrosis: Yangkyu Lee, Hyunjin Park, Kyoungbun Lee, Youngeun Lee, Kiryang Lee, Haeryoung Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2021;55(2):154-158. Published online December 23, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2020.11.12

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Citations

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Hepatocellular adenoma: what we know, what we do not know, and why it matters
Paulette Bioulac‐Sage, Annette S H Gouw, Charles Balabaud, Christine Sempoux
Histopathology.2022; 80(6): 878. CrossRef
Hepatocellular adenomas: recent updates
Haeryoung Kim, Young Nyun Park
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2021; 55(3): 171. CrossRef

Original Article

A scoring system for the diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis from liver biopsy: Kyoungbun Lee, Eun Sun Jung, Eunsil Yu, Yun Kyung Kang, Mee-Yon Cho, Joon Mee Kim, Woo Sung Moon, Jin Sook Jeong, Cheol Keun Park, Jae-Bok Park, Dae Young Kang, Jin Hee Sohn, So-Young Jin; J Pathol Transl Med. 2020;54(3):228-236. Published online April 15, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2020.03.07

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Abstract PDF

Background
Liver biopsy is the essential method to diagnose non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but histological features of NASH are too subjective to achieve reproducible diagnoses in early stages of disease. We aimed to identify the key histological features of NASH and devise a scoring model for diagnosis.
Methods
Thirteen pathologists blindly assessed 12 histological factors and final histological diagnoses (‘not-NASH,’ ‘borderline,’ and ‘NASH’) of 31 liver biopsies that were diagnosed as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or NASH before and after consensus. The main histological parameters to diagnose NASH were selected based on histological diagnoses and the diagnostic accuracy and agreement of 12 scoring models were compared for final diagnosis and the NAFLD Activity Score (NAS) system.
Results
Inter-observer agreement of final diagnosis was fair (κ = 0.25) before consensus and slightly improved after consensus (κ = 0.33). Steatosis at more than 5% was the essential parameter for diagnosis. Major diagnostic factors for diagnosis were fibrosis except 1C grade and presence of ballooned cells. Minor diagnostic factors were lobular inflammation ( ≥ 2 foci/ × 200 field), microgranuloma, and glycogenated nuclei. All 12 models showed higher inter-observer agreement rates than NAS and post-consensus diagnosis (κ = 0.52–0.69 vs. 0.33). Considering the reproducibility of factors and practicability of the model, summation of the scores of major (× 2) and minor factors may be used for the practical diagnosis of NASH.
Conclusions
A scoring system for the diagnosis of NAFLD would be helpful as guidelines for pathologists and clinicians by improving the reproducibility of histological diagnosis of NAFLD.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Changes in indications for outpatient percutaneous liver biopsy over 5 years: from hepatitis C to fatty liver disease
Marlone Cunha-Silva, Luíza D. Torres, Mariana F. Fernandes, Tirzah de M. Lopes Secundo, Marina C.G. Moreira, Ademar Yamanaka, Leonardo T. Monici, Larissa B. Eloy da Costa, Daniel F. Mazo, Tiago Sevá-Pereira
Gastroenterología y Hepatología.2022; 45(8): 579. CrossRef
Changes in indications for outpatient percutaneous liver biopsy over 5 years: from hepatitis C to fatty liver disease
Marlone Cunha-Silva, Luíza D. Torres, Mariana F. Fernandes, Tirzah de M. Lopes Secundo, Marina C.G. Moreira, Ademar Yamanaka, Leonardo T. Monici, Larissa B. Eloy da Costa, Daniel F. Mazo, Tiago Sevá-Pereira
Gastroenterología y Hepatología (English Edition).2022; 45(8): 579. CrossRef

Case Study

Duodenal Adenocarcinoma of Brunner Gland Origin: A Case Report: Ji Hye Moon, Kyoungbun Lee, Han-Kwang Yang, Woo Ho Kim; J Pathol Transl Med. 2018;52(3):179-182. Published online December 27, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2017.10.09

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Abstract PDF

We report a case of adenocarcinoma originating from the duodenal Brunner glands in a 47-year-old female patient. The lesion was 0.8 cm in extent and located at the posterior wall of the first part of the duodenum. Histologically, the tumor showed transition from non-neoplastic Brunner glands through dysplastic epithelium into adenocarcinoma. The carcinoma cells were strongly positive for MUC6 protein, which is an epithelial marker for the Brunner glands. Tumor protein p53 was overexpressed in the carcinoma cells, but not in the non-neoplastic or dysplastic epithelium. Dystrophic calcification was predominant. This is the first case report of duodenal adenocarcinoma of Brunner gland origin in Korea.

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Relationship Between Immunophenotypes, Genetic Profiles, and Clinicopathologic Characteristics in Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma
Aitoshi Hoshimoto, Atsushi Tatsuguchi, Takeshi Yamada, Sho Kuriyama, Ryohei Hamakubo, Takayoshi Nishimoto, Jun Omori, Naohiko Akimoto, Katya Gudis, Keigo Mitsui, Shu Tanaka, Shunji Fujimori, Tsutomu Hatori, Akira Shimizu, Katsuhiko Iwakiri
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Recurrence of Brunner Gland Adenocarcinoma After Duodenectomy and Gastrojejunostomy
Paul Hong, Marcel Ghanim, Abdul Haseeb, Xianzhong Ding, Ayokunle T. Abegunde
ACG Case Reports Journal.2023; 10(6): e01060. CrossRef
HER2-positive adenocarcinoma arising from heterotopic pancreas tissue in the duodenum: A case report
Yoshifumi S Hirokawa, Takashi Iwata, Yoshinaga Okugawa, Koji Tanaka, Hiroyuki Sakurai, Masatoshi Watanabe
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2021; 27(28): 4738. CrossRef
Brunner’s gland adenoma is a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding: A case report and literature review
Nader Bakheet, Ahmed Cordie, Mohamed Nabil alkady, Ibrahim Naguib
Arab Journal of Gastroenterology.2020; 21(2): 122. CrossRef
Brunner's Gland Adenocarcinoma in an Aged Western Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla)
Jun Sasaki, Ippei Muneuchi, Kanako Ushio, Chihiro Sochi, Youichi Irie, Kazunori Yoshizumi, Waturu Hashimoto
Journal of Comparative Pathology.2020; 181: 47. CrossRef
Adenocarcinoma of the duodenum arising from Brunner’s gland resected by partial duodenectomy: a case report
Tetsuya Mochizuki, Nobuaki Fujikuni, Koichi Nakadoi, Masahiro Nakahara, Kazuaki Tanabe, Shuji Yonehara, Toshio Noriyuki
Surgical Case Reports.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Article

Interobserver Agreement on Pathologic Features of Liver Biopsy Tissue in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Eun Sun Jung, Kyoungbun Lee, Eunsil Yu, Yun Kyung Kang, Mee-Yon Cho, Joon Mee Kim, Woo Sung Moon, Jin Sook Jeong, Cheol Keun Park, Jae-Bok Park, Dae Young Kang, Jin Hee Sohn, So-Young Jin; J Pathol Transl Med. 2016;50(3):190-196. Published online April 18, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2016.03.01

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Abstract PDF

Background
The histomorphologic criteria for the pathological features of liver tissue from patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain subjective, causing confusion among pathologists and clinicians. In this report, we studied interobserver agreement of NAFLD pathologic features and analyzed causes of disagreement.
Methods
Thirty-one cases of clinicopathologically diagnosed NAFLD from 10 hospitals were selected. One hematoxylin and eosin and one Masson’s trichrome-stained virtual slide from each case were blindly reviewed with regard to 12 histological parameters by 13 pathologists in a gastrointestinal study group of the Korean Society of Pathologists. After the first review, we analyzed the causes of disagreement and defined detailed morphological criteria. The glass slides from each case were reviewed a second time after a consensus meeting. The degree of interobserver agreement was determined by multi-rater kappa statistics.
Results
Kappa values of the first review ranged from 0.0091–0.7618. Acidophilic bodies (k = 0.7618) and portal inflammation (k = 0.5914) showed high levels of agreement, whereas microgranuloma (k = 0.0984) and microvesicular fatty change (k = 0.0091) showed low levels of agreement. After the second review, the kappa values of the four major pathological features increased from 0.3830 to 0.5638 for steatosis grade, from 0.1398 to 0.2815 for lobular inflammation, from 0.1923 to 0.3362 for ballooning degeneration, and from 0.3303 to 0.4664 for fibrosis.
Conclusions
More detailed histomorphological criteria must be defined for correct diagnosis and high interobserver agreement of NAFLD.

Citations

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CT-based Hounsfield unit values reflect the degree of steatohepatitis in patients with low-grade fatty liver disease
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